Which Spatial Elements Influence Waterfront Space Vitality the Most?—A Comparative Tracking Study of the Maozhou River Renewal Project in Shenzhen, China

Urban waterfront renewal, especially public space improvement, is important for regaining vitality. However, existing studies constrained by sparse and hard-to-access data are hard to explore how changes in spatial elements during renewal would affect Waterfront vitality comprises social represented behaviors economic urban functional facilities. Taking the Maozhou River project China as an example, we collect on corresponding periods 2018 2020 (before after construction) use multiple linear regression models assess relationships. We find that diversity (e.g., commercial cultural facilities) design quality path density shoreline’s proximity water) two most influential affecting renewal. Overall, of two-time datasets has generated strong evidence measuring revitalization.